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Jun 12, 2024Trading warrants is one of the lesser-known investment tools, but for experienced traders, they can be attractive as they offer leverage on the price of an asset, such as a stock. Trading warrants relies on the underlying asset being above or below a certain price at a specific time and can offer benefits to both the issuer and the investor.
This guide will highlight the key features of trading warrants, including how to use and buy stock warrants, plus the benefits and risks. We also list and compare the best online brokers for trading warrants in 2024.
Spread bets and CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 70% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading spread bets and CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you understand how spread bets and CFDs work, and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.
Regulation & Trust 4.9 / 5 Accounts & Banking 4 / 5 Assets & Markets 4.5 / 5 Fees & Costs 3.5 / 5 Platforms & Tools 4.8 / 5 Customer Support 4.5 / 5 Research 4.9 / 5 Education 5 / 5 iOS App 4.6 / 5 Android App 4 / 5 Minimum Deposit $0 Minimum Trade 0.01 Lots Leverage 1:30 (Retail), 1:222 (Pro) Regulator FCA, ASIC, NFA, CFTC, DFSA, BaFin, MAS, FSCA, FINMA, CONSOB, AFMInstruments CFDs, Forex, Stocks, Indices, Commodities, ETFs, Futures, Options, Crypto, Spread Betting
Platforms Web, ProRealTime, L2 Dealer, MT4, AutoChartist, TradingCentral Payment Methods PayPal, Wire Transfer, Mastercard, Credit Card, Visa, Debit Card Account Currencies USD, EUR, GBP, CAD, AUD, JPY, ZAR, SEK, DKK, CHF, HKD, SGDThis is why we think these brokers are the best in this category:
"IG continues to provide a comprehensive package with an intuitive web platform and best-in-class education for beginners, plus advanced charting tools, real-time data, and fast execution speeds for experienced day traders."
Christian Harris, Reviewer
| Demo Account | Yes |
|---|---|
| Instruments | CFDs, Forex, Stocks, Indices, Commodities, ETFs, Futures, Options, Crypto, Spread Betting |
| Regulator | FCA, ASIC, NFA, CFTC, DFSA, BaFin, MAS, FSCA, FINMA, CONSOB, AFM |
| Platforms | Web, ProRealTime, L2 Dealer, MT4, AutoChartist, TradingCentral |
| Minimum Deposit | $0 |
| Minimum Trade | 0.01 Lots |
| Leverage | 1:30 (Retail), 1:222 (Pro) |
| Account Currencies | USD, EUR, GBP, CAD, AUD, JPY, ZAR, SEK, DKK, CHF, HKD, SGD |
Spread bets and CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 70% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading spread bets and CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you understand how spread bets and CFDs work, and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.
A warrant is an investment tool that allows traders to buy a security (usually company stock) at a fixed price, known as the ‘exercise’ or ‘strike’ price. This means investors can obtain newly-issued stock up until a pre-agreed date, known as the ‘expiration date’.
Once a warrant is purchased, it can be exercised by the holder, which is when the holder buys a number of shares of stock that are going to be created by the company, known as ‘underlying stock’. When a stock warrant is exercised, the stock is bought at the price set when the warrant was purchased. A warrant must be exercised before its expiration date.
Warrants are issued by companies because it often makes their stock more appealing to investors; if the price of the stock rises on the market, the warrant holder is still able to buy it at the strike price. This attracts more investors to the company, while also benefiting the investor.
Importantly, the point is to purchase a warrant when you expect the value of the company’s stock to increase beyond what the warrant was purchased for. When this happens, the warrant can be exercised and shares of stock can be bought for less than their current trading price.
Warrants offer dilution by nature when exercised; they dilute the value of equity in shares when the new shares are issued. This may seem like a drawback, but it still allows investments to be made when stock can be bought at a lower price.
How do warrants work in practice?
Well firstly, the investor buys a warrant when it is issued by a company, thereby giving them the right to purchase company stock up until the expiration date of the warrant. When a holder tells a company (the issuer) that they are going to buy underlying stock, a warrant is exercised. The company then issues new shares of stock, so the overall number of outstanding shares increases.
Here are some of the key things to keep in mind when it comes to trading warrants:
Seeing a real-life example is key to understanding how they actually work, as well as showing how they can be an appealing investment.
A good example of success is Warren Buffet, who made a $5 billion investment in Bank of America using warrants in 2011. Buffett’s company, Berkshire Hathaway, was able to buy 700 million common shares of Bank of America stock at $7.14, and due to the use of warrants was able to exercise them at any time before the year 2021.
At the time of the deal, the stock was trading at around $7, so the warrants were not worth a lot; to exercise the warrants in 2011 would have been a poor investment. By 2017, however, Bank of America stock was trading at around $25, prompting Buffett to exercise the warrants. The total payout from exercising the warrants was $12 billion.
This example shows how they can be strategically exercised by waiting for long periods until the stock is trading at a preferable price.
There are two key types of warrants: put and call.
With put warrants, holders are able to sell shares of stock that they already own, while with call warrants, investors are able to buy shares of stock.
These are the two main classes for trading warrants, but the full list is far longer, including:
You can also trade the following types of warrants:
Companies issue stock warrants to attract investors and gain more capital. For young companies and startups, this can be effective and necessary in the early stages of starting a business. When a company issues shares, it can also issue warrants which give investors the opportunity to buy shares at a lower price in the future. This process is known as ‘attaching’ warrants to stocks and bonds.
For young companies, there might be an expectation from prospective investors that they would attach warrants to stocks and bonds to offer protection against the risk of investing in a new or small company.
Companies may also issue stock warrants when trying to raise capital for a specific project or undertaking, or when they are facing bankruptcy. They can also be added to bonds to make them more attractive to investors and reduce the interest paid to bondholders.
For the issuer, warrants give them the opportunity to make money twice. The first time is when the warrant is bought, as they collect a fee from the investor, and the second is when the investor uses it to purchase stock, whereby the company takes money from the sale of the shares.
Warrants appear in your trading account the same way that options and stock do. It is best to exercise your warrant through your online broker – they are going to handle the communication between yourself and the company issuing the warrant. You can contact your broker and let them know you want your warrants to be exercised.
During this conversation, state how many you would like to exercise, and your broker will contact the company. After this, the warrants will no longer be in your account and the stock will appear in their place. Some trading platforms also facilitate orders directly on their platform.
The time to exercise a warrant is typically when the current price is above the strike price of the warrant. The alternative to exercising your warrant is to sell it. You probably don’t want to exercise the warrant if the current price is below the strike price, because it would be cheaper to buy the security on the open market. During this time, the strike of the warrant would be higher than what the security is being traded at, so to exercise the warrant would be to buy the asset at a higher price.
To conclude, investors could exercise a warrant when the security is trading at a higher value than the strike of the warrant, because you are getting the asset at a better value. However, the asset price being higher than the warrant strike does not mean that the warrant needs to be exercised, and if there is still time before its expiry, you may want to wait until there is a better time to exercise it.
There are many strategies for trading warrants, but whatever approach you choose to employ should ensure that you are minimizing risk. Here are some of the key ways to be strategic:
Note, you can start trading stock warrants on several leading brokers and websites, including eTrade, WeBull, TD Ameritrade, Fidelity, Trading 212, Charles Schwab, Vanguard, Robinhood and Interactive Brokers. Many of these firms also offer warrant screeners with helpful search functions and symbols.
Let’s also look at the good and bad of investing in warrants:
Although trading warrants is high-risk, they can also offer high-rewards, and there are many advantages that investors can gain from trading warrants vs stocks.
The main advantage of purchasing a stock warrant is that warrant prices are lower than the prices of current stock being traded on the market. Because of this, they can be leveraged too – this means both the potential gain and loss are going to be larger.
For example, if a share was quoted at $2.00 per share, an investor would need $2,000 to purchase 1,000 shares. However, if the investor bought a warrant that represented one share and was priced at $0.50, then with the same capital, 4,000 shares could be bought. Therefore the opportunity to make much larger gains is awarded to those investing using warrants.
Like any kind of investment, warrants come with risks. While there are advantages to how warrants can be leveraged, the same mechanisms that make this possible also have drawbacks for investors.
If we look at the above example in reverse, i.e. the share price dropped, then the opposite occurs for the investor. This means that if the share price drops, then the percentage loss for the share price is going to be far smaller than the loss on the warrant.
Furthermore, if the value of the certificate drops to 0 and the warrant hasn’t been exercised, then the warrant loses redemption value entirely.
The final disadvantage of warrants is that a trader is not a shareholder and does not have the power to vote or to dividend rights, so they get no say in how the company is run, and yet are still at risk of being impacted negatively by the decisions that are made within the company.
Warrants lose their worth if the market price of the stock falls below the strike price, and this is also the case if the stock warrant expires. Therefore, the value of warrants is determined by the market. The intrinsic value of a warrant is equal to the difference between the market price and the strike price of the asset or stock. Time comes into this too, as securities may become more valuable before the warrant expires.
This means, however, that warrants do not have any intrinsic value when they are issued, as their strike price is above the current market price when they are delivered. This is why they often come with longer periods before they expire, to allow for the asset’s price to surpass the strike price and create the warrant’s intrinsic value.
To value a warrant, find the current price of the security on the market. You can do this by using a stock warrants calculator and the formula below. Subtract the strike price from the market price, and you will find the intrinsic value of your warrant. Then, divide the intrinsic value by the number of shares that can be purchased with one warrant. The formula is as follows:
(current price – subscription price) / warrants needed
For example, if the market price is $100, the exercise price of a warrant is $80, and the amount of shares that can be bought with a warrant is 1, the value can be found by calculating ($100 – $80)/1 = 20.
The issuer does not incur any tax implications for issuing warrants, but there are consequences for the transfer, holding, exercising and selling of the products that can have an effect on your takeaway from an investment. It is important to be familiar with the tax implications of trading warrants before you begin investing.
Consult a local tax advisor for guidance. Note, taxes may also vary depending on your location, for example, if you are in Canada versus Australia, Malaysia, the UK or the US.
Warrants and options are different, but they do come with some similarities. Both allow the opportunity to buy or sell assets at a preset price and are given an expiration date whereby this can happen. They both have strike prices and expiration dates, and both allow investors to leverage them by agreeing upon a price for the future known as a ‘premium’. A final similarity is that they are both best exercised when the price is higher or lower than the strike price, depending on if it’s a call or a put.
However, there are also differences. While warrants are normally issued by a company, options are traded in the secondary market and created by market participants. The contracts for options are also a lot shorter than they are for warrants. While the contract for a warrant can be as long as 15 years, the expiry on an option is usually less than one year, and can be as short as a few days.
Another important difference is that warrants often raise capital for companies and bring in new investors, but options do not.
Warrants certainly have their upsides for investors, but if you are investing then it’s important that you are in the know about the current state of the market. The use of warrants is only recommended for those with the ability and skill to avoid the pitfalls, as well as for those who have an effective trading strategy. For this reason, it can also be beneficial to consult with a financial advisor or broker prior to adding warrants to your portfolio.
To conclude, seeing as warrants are not used as widely as other investment options, they can still be a way to make smart and educated investments that can pay off. See our list of supporting brokers to get started today.
All contents on this site is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial advice. Consult relevant financial professionals in your country of residence to get personalised advice before you make any trading or investing decisions. Daytrading.com may receive compensation from the brands or services mentioned on this website.
Risk Warning: Trading CFDs on leverage involves significant risk of loss to your capital.
